Sumer is the earliest known civilization (c. 4000 – 1900 BC). It was located along the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys in southern Mesopotamia (now Iraq). It is considered one of the cradles of civilization. The earliest known texts come from Sumerian cities (3350 – 2500 BC). The Sumerians were the last of the Andites in Mesopotamia, and are described as intelligent, peace-loving teachers and administrators.
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